What is the difference between camelCase and PascalCase?

Both capitalize later words. camelCase keeps the first word lowercase (userName), while PascalCase capitalizes it too (UserName). PascalCase is typically used for classes and types.

Which case should I use for a URL?

kebab-case. Hyphenated, lowercase words such as /png-vs-jpg are readable and are the conventional, SEO-friendly style for URLs.

Does converting case change my text's meaning?

No. Case conversion only changes word boundaries and capitalization. The Utilumo Case Converter runs locally and never uploads your text.

Comparison1 min readUpdated June 25, 2026

camelCase vs snake_case vs kebab-case

Short answer

camelCase joins words with capital letters (firstName), snake_case joins them with underscores (first_name), and kebab-case joins them with hyphens (first-name). Each is conventional in different languages and contexts.

The main styles

camelCase — first word lowercase, later words capitalized: userName
PascalCase — every word capitalized: UserName
snake_case — lowercase words joined by underscores: user_name
kebab-case — lowercase words joined by hyphens: user-name
CONSTANT_CASE — uppercase words joined by underscores: USER_NAME

Where each is conventional

camelCase: JavaScript and Java variables and functions
PascalCase: class and type names, and React components
snake_case: Python and Ruby variables, and many database columns
kebab-case: URLs, CSS classes, and file names
CONSTANT_CASE: configuration constants and environment variables

Why kebab-case is not used for variablesMost languages read a hyphen as the minus operator, so user-name would mean user minus name. That is why hyphens are reserved for URLs, CSS, and file names rather than code identifiers.

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